Bank

A banker or bank is a financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money.

The first modern bank was founded in Italy in Genoa in 1406, its name was Banco di San Giorgio .Many other financial activities were added over time. For example banks are important players in financial markets and offer financial services such as investment funds. In some countries such as Germany, banks are the primary owners of industrial corporations while in other countries such as the United States banks are prohibited from owning non-financial companies. In Japan, banks are usually the nexus of cross share holding entity known as zaibatsu. In France "Bancassurance" is highly present, as most banks offer insurance services (and now real estate services) to their clients. http://banks-banking.blogspot.com

Banks have influenced economies and politics for centuries. Historically, the primary purpose of a bank was to provide loans to trading companies. Banks provided funds to allow businesses to purchase inventory, and collected those funds back with interest when the goods were sold. For centuries, the banking industry only dealt with businesses, not consumers. Banking services have expanded to include services directed at individuals, and risk in these much smaller transactions are pooled. http://banks-banking.blogspot.com

Origin of the word

The name bank derives from the Italian word banco "desk/bench", used during the Renaissance by Florentines bankers, who used to make their transactions above a desk covered by a green tablecloth. However, there are traces of banking activity even in ancient times. In fact, the word traces its origins back to the Ancient Roman Empire, where moneylenders would set up their stalls in the middle of enclosed courtyards called macella on a long bench called a bancu, from which the words banco and bank are derived. As a moneychanger, the merchant at the bancu did not so much invest money as merely convert the foreign currency into the only legal tender in Rome—that of the Imperial Mint.

Traditional banking activities

Banks act as payment agents by conducting checking or current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers on the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts. Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, and ATM. http://banks-banking.blogspot.com

Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current account, accepting term deposits and by issuing debt securities such as banknotes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current account, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending.

Banks provide almost all payment services, and a bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses, individuals and governments. Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are not normally considered an adequate substitute for having a bank account. Banks borrow most funds from households and non-financial businesses, and lend most funds to households and non-financial businesses, but non-bank lenders provide a significant and in many cases adequate substitute for bank loans, and money market funds, cash management trusts and other non-bank financial institutions in many cases provide an adequate substitute to banks for lending savings to http://banks-banking.blogspot.com

Definition

Cathay Bank in Boston's ChinatownThe definition of a bank varies from country to country.

Under English common law, a banker is defined as a person who carries on the business of banking, which is specified as:

conducting current accounts for his customers

paying cheques drawn on him, and

collecting cheques for his customers.

In most English common law jurisdictions there is a Bills of Exchange Act that codifies the law in relation to negotiable instruments, including cheques, and this Act contains a statutory definition of the term banker: banker includes a body of persons, whether incorporated or not, who carry on the business of banking' (Section 2, Interpretation). Although this definition seems circular, it is actually functional, because it ensures that the legal basis for bank transactions such as cheques do not depend on how the bank is organised or regulated. The business of banking is in many English common law countries not defined by statute but by common law, the definition above. In other English common law jurisdictions there are statutory definitions of the business of banking or banking business. When looking at these definitions it is important to keep in mind that they are defining the business of banking for the purposes of the legislation, and not necessarily in general. In particular, most of the definitions are from legislation that has the purposes of entry regulating and supervising banks rather than regulating the actual business of banking. However, in many cases the statutory definition closely mirrors the common law one. Examples of statutory definitions: "banking business" means the business of receiving money on current or deposit account, paying and collecting cheques drawn by or paid in by customers, the making of advances to customers, and includes such other business as the Authority may prescribe for the purposes of this Act; (Banking Act (Singapore), Section 2, Interpretation).

"banking business" means the business of either or both of the following:

receiving from the general public money on current, deposit, savings or other similar account repayable on demand or within less than [3 months] ... or with a period of call or notice of less than that period; paying or collecting cheques drawn by or paid in by customers

Since the advent of EFTPOS (Electronic Funds Transfer at Point Of Sale), direct credit, direct debit and internet banking, the cheque has lost its primacy in most banking systems as a payment instrument. This has lead legal theorists to suggest that the cheque based definition should be broadened to include financial institutions that conduct current accounts for customers and enable customers to pay and be paid by third parties, even if they do not pay and collect cheques.

Accounting for bank accounts

Bank statements are accounting records produced by banks under the various accounting standards of the world. Under GAAP and IFRES there are two kinds of accounts: debit and credit. Credit accounts are Revenue, Equity and Liabilities. Debit Accounts are Assets and Expenses. This means you credit credit accounts to increase their balances and you debit debit accounts to increase their balances. This also means you debit your savings account everytime you deposit money into it (and the account is normally in deficit) and you credit your credit card account everytime you spend money from it (and the account is normally in credit).

However, if you read your bank statement, it will say the opposite- that you have credited your account when you deposit money, and you debit when you withdraw it. If you have cash in your account you have a positive or credit balance and if you are overdrawn it will say you have a negative or a deficit balance. The reason for this is because the bank, and not you, has produced the bank statement. Your savings might be your assets, but it is the bank's liability, so your savings account is a liability account which is a credit account and should have a positive credit balance. Your loans are your liabilities but the bank's assets so they are debit accounts which should have a negative balance. Below where bank transactions, balances, credits and debits are discussed, they are done so from the viewpoint of the account holder which is traditionally what most people are used to seeing.

If you have cash in your account you have a positive or credit balance and if you are overdrawn it will say you have a negative or a deficit balance. The reason for this is because the bank, and not you, has produced the bank statement. Your savings might be your assets, but it is the bank's liability, so your savings account is a liability account which is a credit account and should have a positive credit balance. Your loans are your liabilities but the bank's assets so they are debit accounts which should have a negative balance. Below where bank transactions, balances, credits and debits are discussed, they are done so from the viewpoint of the account holder which is traditionally what most people are used to see in http://banks-banking.blogspot.com

Author: Boris Tomson

Banks Related Articles

Banks Related articles :banks-banking.blogspot.com

The word ‘bank’ is derived from the Italian word ‘banca’, which is derived from the German word for ‘bench’. Moneylenders in Northern Italy originally did business in open areas or open rooms where each lender worked from his own bench or table. The very first banks were probably in religious temples of the ancient world. Greek temples as well as private and civic entities conducted financial transactions such as loans, deposits, currency exchange, and the validation of coinage. Charging interest on loans and paying interest on deposits developed in ancient Rome.http://banks-banking.blogspot.com
A bank is a financial institution that provides banking services such as accepting deposits and making loans. There are also financial institutions that provide certain banking services without meeting the legal definition of a bank that are called non-banks.
The main functions of a bank include raising funds by attracting deposits, borrowing money in the inter-bank market, and issuing financial instruments in the money market or a securities market and then lending out most of these funds to borrowers including companies, individuals or government. Other services rendered by banks are facilitating international payments, issuing credit cards, provisioning safe locker facilities for valuables, project financing, merchant banking facility, online banking, personal banking, and investment banking. Typically, a bank generates profits from transaction fees on financial services and the interest charges on its loans.
There are several different types of banks including central banks, investment banks, merchant banks, private banks, savings banks, offshore banks, commercial banks, retail banks, and universal banks.
Present day banks need highly qualified, dedicated, and reliable staff because of intense competition from other financial institutions like insurance companies that provide some banking services to the public.
Banking provides detailed information about banking, banking jobs, banking services, and more. Banking is affiliated with Swiss Bank Accounts.
The word ‘bank’ is derived from the Italian word ‘banca’, which is derived from the German word for ‘bench’. Moneylenders in Northern Italy originally did business in open areas or open rooms where each lender worked from his own bench or table. The very first banks were probably in religious temples of the ancient world. Greek temples as well as private and civic entities conducted financial transactions such as loans, deposits, currency exchange, and the validation of coinage. Charging interest on loans and paying interest on deposits developed in ancient Rome.

A bank is a financial institution that provides banking services such as accepting deposits and making loans. There are also financial institutions that provide certain banking services without meeting the legal definition of a bank that are called non-banks.

The main functions of a bank include raising funds by attracting deposits, borrowing money in the inter-bank market, and issuing financial instruments in the money market or a securities market and then lending out most of these funds to borrowers including companies, individuals or government. Other services rendered by banks are facilitating international payments, issuing credit cards, provisioning safe locker facilities for valuables, project financing, merchant banking facility, online banking, personal banking, and investment banking. Typically, a bank generates profits from transaction fees on financial services and the interest charges on its loans.

There are several different types of banks including central banks, investment banks, merchant banks, private banks, savings banks, offshore banks, commercial banks, retail banks, and universal banks.http://banks-banking.blogspot.com
Present day banks need highly qualified, dedicated, and reliable staff because of intense competition from other financial institutions like insurance companies that provide some banking services to the public.Banking provides detailed information about banking, banking jobs, banking services, and more. Banking is affiliated with Swiss Bank Accounts.

Author: Boris Tomson

Most Common Banking Definitions That You Need to be Familiar With

Banking definitions to know in a society that needs money to purchase many of the necessities of life, banking is a very important business. It primarily deals with finances and all the instruments related to credit so it is important to know the important banking definitions. Banks are the financial institutions that act as the instrument in transferring monetary values from a customer to a seller, merchant, or to another individual.

We see a lot of banks and sometimes we may wonder what they have in common and how do they differ from each other. Banks have been differentiated according to their primary functions, the primary functions being acceptance of deposits and loans. The deposits are open to withdrawal and transfer via checks.

What are the activities in the bank?

* As a payment agent, the banks provide checking accounts that customers use to pay checks. There are also other means to pay like the telegraphic transfer, the automated teller machines or ATM, or the EFTPOS (Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale).

* Issuance of debt securities like banknotes, promissory notes, and bonds when banks borrow money from current account deposits.

* Issuance of bank drafts and bank checks

* Lending of money to customers through mortgages or loans

* Provide letters of credit, guarantees, and performances bonds

* Acceptance of documents and other items for safekeeping in safety deposit boxes

* Payment services that cater to government, businesses, individuals who prefer to transact through the bank instead of non-bank remittance services.

* Foreign currency exchange

* Inter-bank clearing and settlement of payments regardless of geographical locations

* Intermediation for credit

Banking is a process that involves a bank and its customer. The bank has been defined previously. The bank's customer is that individual who keeps an account in the bank and agrees to be covered with the laws that govern banking.

The government regulates most commercial banks and they need a license to operate. In order to get a bank license there are requirements like minimum capital, minimum capital ratio, fit-and-proper qualifications for the owners, and board of directors, and the approved business plan. There are some financial entities that are exempted from licensing (some partly, some fully) like the credit unions.

What are the types of banks?

Since we're talking about banking definitions, we might as well define the types of banks, there are many and certain banks specialize in specific areas.

Retail Banks are banks that deal directly with the individuals or small businesses. There are different banks under this type:

* Commercial bank

Commercial banks have a variety of services aside from deposits and loans. The banks that fall under this category are the national banks, trust companies, stock savings banks, and industrial banks. Aside from the primary functions, they also handle investments and many facets of savings like time deposits.

* Community bank and Community development banks

These are financial institutions that are operated locally. They are regulated to provide services and credit within their local jurisdiction, therefore catering to underserved customers.

Author: Julian Davidson

Advantages and Disadvantages For Internet Banking

If you belong to the generation that feeds on technology then Internet banking shouldn't at all be an issue for you. The Internet for you is the place to get things done quickly without actually going out. Banking is one of these things. For those who are a bit older, the concept of not interfacing with a human inside the bank will be a bitter pill to swallow. They still are yet to be convinced so it is necessary to weigh the advantages and disadvantages for Internet banking.

Apprehensive people know about the many wonders of the Internet and they have heard so much about Internet banking but they are still paying their bills by mail and depositing checks at their branch.

Many people are already using the Internet to shop for items, or even financial packages for mortgages and loans but when it's time to finalize, they still opt to go to the office of the company they chose and seal things with an agent.

Before comparing the advantages and disadvantages for Internet banking, let us first define the concept so others who do not know yet can have an idea.

The What and Who in online banking

When the Internet started to become very popular and computers began to become more and more advanced, many businesses started to shift their attention to the trend and established their online presence. This same trend also started to reshape the banking industry.

In the past, banks used computers to automate their daily transactions. These days, there hardly is any paper work at all since everything is done online via the bank's network system. The only thing that serves as a transaction record is the receipt a shopper gets when she's at the POS of her favorite boutique.

For banks, their Internet presence is a value-added service for existing and new customers.

Online banking goes by so many other names like PC banking, home banking, electronic banking, or Internet banking.

The first ones to test the waters were the large national banks. Soon, regional banks, smaller banks, financial companies, and credit unions joined in and implemented their own electronic banking system based on the Internet. These institutions that have expanded to online have since then referred to as brick-to-click banks as opposed to brick-and-mortar banks. The latter refers to those, which are yet to offer online banking o their customers.

Aside from the brick-to-clicks, there are "virtual" banks that have emerged. These are banks that do not have physical offices or branches, and any tellers or agents. These banks exist only in cyberspace but they still are covered by the same federal regulations that cover the ordinary banks.

Nowadays, the large banks have sites that provide fully secured and fully functioning online banking services that give their customers ultimate convenience. The smaller ones which are a bit more cautious to go full circle offer access to limited banking services like viewing of account balance and history viewing only.

The more banks that go online and succeed in making their services secured, the more that people will have lesser doubts about the advantages and disadvantages for Internet banking.

Author: Julian Davidson